1.原文摘錄
p.397
The learning theory position on psychopathology may be stated as fllows: The basic principles of learning provide a completely adequate interpretation of psychopathology. Explanations in terms of symptims with underlying causes are necessary. According to the behavioral point of view, behavioral pathology is not a disease. Instead,it is a response pattern learned according to the same principles of behavior as are all response patterns.
The Skinnerians argue against any concept of the unconscious or a "sick personality." Individuals are not sick; they merely do not respond appropriately to stimuli. Either they fail to learn a response or they learn a maladaptive response. In the former case,there is a behavioral deficit. For example,individuals who are socially inadequate may have had faulty reinforcement histories in which social skills were not developed. Having failed to be reinfoced for social skills during socialization as children,as adults they have an inadequate response repertoire with to respond to social situations.
The Skinnerians argue against any concept of the unconscious or a "sick personality." Individuals are not sick; they merely do not respond appropriately to stimuli. Either they fail to learn a response or they learn a maladaptive response. In the former case,there is a behavioral deficit. For example,individuals who are socially inadequate may have had faulty reinforcement histories in which social skills were not developed. Having failed to be reinfoced for social skills during socialization as children,as adults they have an inadequate response repertoire with to respond to social situations.
2.我的新學習 我學到了什麼
其實雖然早就知道不應該把患有精神性疾病的人視為不正常的人，但是有時候還是無法克制自己。這次在課本上，剛好藉由課本主題能夠把觀念釐清。其實，在精神病理學上來說，那些人僅僅是無法做出適當的反應罷了！再說，依據行為學派的觀念來說，這也根本不能算是一種疾病可能只是在社會上的某些不充分的個體身上存有社會技能未被開法且擁有若干問題的增強病史存在罷了！
3.回顧自己的思考歷程，我是怎麼學會或理解這個
在這個思考的過程中，其實就是要不斷告訴自己不應該帶著主觀的意識去判斷某些事物。雖然很難，但是還是要努力克制自己的思緒。其實在醫學大學這似乎是一個更重要的議題，比起一般學生，我們似乎更容易接近有狀況的病人。因此，我們是否應該要比一般人更保持著清晰的思緒來看待不能適應這個社會的弱勢族群？就自己本身打工的性質而言，是屬於比較容易接觸到人群的工作，因此，有時候總覺得某些人好像缺少了什麼東西。總感覺，有人會不斷的重覆著同一句話，同ㄧ個訴求甚至到達喋喋不休的地步；或者在溝通的時候，會產生目光漂移，眼神渙散的狀況。這時候總無法克制自己去想，這個人是否異於常人？可是事後想想，即使那麼容易被陌生人察覺到他的異常，但是他還是努力的表達自己，而且想讓 自己能夠擁有跟大家相同的生活，想當然這是需要很多努力的。而且對於照顧他們的家人而言，這也許是個無法抵抗的使命，因此，之後我就會覺得針對感到異常這件事情也許就當作不知道對他們而言可能就是最好的回應。畢竟他們努力學習跟表達的主要目的無非就是希望大家不要把他們當作異類，而是跟大家一樣的正常人。
___________________________________________________________________
付費才容量無上限？Yahoo!奇摩電子信箱2.0免費給你，信件永遠不必刪！ - 馬上體驗！
沒有留言:
張貼留言