一、原文摘錄 原文課本P502 第二段
What happens, then, when the two motives conflict? If push comes to
shove, do we prefer accurate feedback or positive feedback, the disagreeable
truth or what fits our fancy, to be known for who we are or to be adored for
who we would like to be? In other words, what happened when our cognitive
need for consistency or self-verification conflicts with our affective need
for self-enhancement, what Swann has called the cognitive-affective
crossfire? A complete answer to this question is not at hand. The evidence
to date suggests, however, that generally we prefer positive feedback but
prefer negative feedback in relation to negative self-views. In line with
this, there is evidence that life events inconsistent with the self-concept
can lead to physical illness, even with these are positive. In other words,
positive life events can be bad for one's health if they conflict with a
negative self-concept and disrupt one's negative identity. At the same
time, there are individual differences in this regard, and we may be more
oriented toward self-enhancement in some relationship and self-verification
in other relationship. For example, there is evidence that self-enhancement
is more important during the early stage of a relationship but self-
verification becomes increasingly important as the relationship becomes more
intimate.
二、我的情緒/感覺
看完這段課文，我感到我的的情緒稍微起伏了一下，感到心中好像有點無奈混雜了
悲情的感受。往往我們在和悲觀的人、常常否定自己的人相處的時候，一直想要讓他開
心，勸他要往好處看，希望別人看事情不要這麼黑暗。我們往往稱讚他們的優點，說他
們有多好多好等等。不過看完這段課文後，我發現到這樣可能是沒用的，好像真正的助
人方式與技巧不是這麼簡單就可以學的會的。我覺得這樣子做，放大了他們的自我負向
概念，讓自己在負向自我概念中越陷越深，無法自拔。我認為如果要使悲觀的人、常否
定自己的人快樂起來，應該做的是針對讓他們不快樂的自我負向概念做改正才對。
三、我感到情緒起伏，因為這讓我聯想到什麼人事物？因為什麼我會有這些感受？
看完這段文章，讓我想起了過去我面對挫折時的感受。例如當我考試考不好的時
候，有同學或老師可能就只會叫我不要悲觀，要看開，連續幾次之下，感覺自己很不會
唸書，就有了一些比較負向的自我概念，然而不管旁人怎麼鼓勵，自己心情就是怎樣都
好不起來。又例如當一些幹部，往往會面對外界，如書商、影印店比較現實的生意人
時，不太知道如何應對，或是該盡的責任沒盡，就感覺到很挫折。即使當天的運氣很
好，很多好事情發生，和身旁的人聊天很開心，心理還是會有一點點的落寞感。
寫到這裡，我又想到了有關憂鬱症患者的一些想法。一般正常人常常無法理解為什
麼憂鬱症患者一直往死胡同裡鑽，一直想不開甚至去自殺。而往往只會覺得患者應該要
活潑一點、思考不要這麼負向、黑暗。事實上，憂鬱症患者心中常打不開的結，他們自
己想把結拆開，卻又發現結越拆越緊越打不開。我認為，真要幫助憂鬱症患者，應該是
要分析為什麼憂鬱症患者會有如此的負向自我概念，例如患者可能曾被傷害、被拋棄，
分析憂鬱症患者的心結的脈絡，再加以修正才是。
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Kaohsiung Medical University
http://www.kmu.edu.tw/
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